On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of Vietnam (February 3, 1930 - February 3, 2010), Associate Professor, Dr. Ngo Dang Tri reviews the historical stages of the Party as well as the historical significance of each period.
On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of Vietnam (February 3, 1930 - February 3, 2010), Associate Professor, Dr. Ngo Dang Tri reviews the historical stages of the Party as well as the historical significance of each period.
The 80-year history of the Party is the history of leading the Vietnamese people to fight for the goal of national independence and socialism. The history of the Party is closely linked to the history of the Vietnamese revolution, having gone through many arduous, heroic and extremely glorious struggles.
On February 3, 1930, the Communist Party of Vietnam was founded.Imbued with Marxism-Leninism, the Party has set out the correct revolutionary path. In the 1930 Bourgeois Democratic Revolution Platform, the Party clearly stated the task of fighting imperialism and feudalism, achieving national independence, and land for the tillers. That platform is very consistent with the ardent aspirations of the vast majority of our people, who are farmers. Therefore, the Party has united the great revolutionary forces around its class.”(1).
According to that Platform, the Party launched the revolutionary movement of 1930-1931, culminating in the Nghe Tinh Soviet, thereby affirming in practice the Party's revolutionary leadership role and the strength of the worker-peasant alliance. After the arduous struggle to protect the Party, maintain mass organizations, and restore the revolutionary movement in the years 1932-1933, the Party knewimmediately switched to the struggle for democracy and people's livelihood in the period 1936-1939 when the domestic and world situations had new changes.The struggle movement of 1936-1939 made the Party's influence deeply rooted and widespread among the masses, and raised the political awareness of the masses.
When World War II broke out, our Partychange the revolutionary strategy, promote the task of national liberation, focus on the goal of gaining independence, taking power into the hands of the people, actively prepare for armed uprising to expel all foreign invaders regardless of white or yellow skin. It was from the careful and meticulous preparation in the national liberation struggle in the years 1939-1945 and the accurate and timely grasp of historical opportunities when Japan surrendered to the Allies that the Party launched the August 1945 general uprising.
Through the August Revolution in 1945, the Vietnamese people broke the chains of slavery of colonialism for nearly 90 years and the autocratic monarchy to establish the Democratic Republic of Vietnam - the first people's democratic state in Southeast Asia. The victory of the August Revolution opened a new era for the Vietnamese nation - the era of independence, freedom, people's democracy, and socialism.
After the August Revolution, the difficulties of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam were extremely great. The three enemies: "famine, ignorance and foreign invaders" were all dangers that put the fate of the nation "hanging by a thread". In that situation, on November 25, 1945, the Central Executive Committee issued DirectiveResistance war and national construction,charting the way forward for the Vietnamese revolution. With extraordinary efforts, by the end of 1946, our people had defeated the plots and tricks of invasion by imperialist forces, protected the country's independence, maintained the revolutionary government, the greatest achievement of the August Revolution.
From December 19, 1946, when the French colonialists broke their promise and waged a war of aggression across the country, with the will of "We would rather sacrifice everything than lose our country, than become slaves.", The Party mobilized the entire people to carry out a nationwide resistance war against French colonialism according topeople's war policy, all-people resistance, comprehensive, long-term, relying mainly on one's own strength.After overcoming initial difficulties, by the end of 1950, after the successful Border Campaign, our nation's resistance had achieved important victories. From 1951, following the guidelines of the Second Party Congress, the resistance of the Vietnamese army and people entered a new phase. In particular, with the 1953-1954 Winter-Spring strategic offensive, the peak wasDien Bien Phu CampaignOur army and people forced the French colonialists to negotiate and sign the Geneva Agreement, ending the war of aggression against Vietnam.
The victory of the resistance war against the French colonialists and American intervention had great historical significance. It defeated the French imperialists' war of aggression with the high level of support from the American imperialists, protected the revolutionary government, and forced the French colonialists to recognize the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the Indochinese countries. It completely liberated the North and strengthened the material and spiritual strength of the Vietnamese revolution. That victory also had the significance of strongly encouraging the national liberation movement in the world, opening the way for the collapse of old colonialism in the world, first of all the colonial system of French colonialism..
With the ambition to dominate the world, from July 1954, the US imperialists changed from intervention to directly invading Vietnam instead of France. The struggle of our people for independence and unification became extremely fierce and complicated. Through many conferences of the Central Executive Committee and the Politburo, the Party's strategic policy for the Vietnamese revolution in the new period was gradually formed.That is the policy of simultaneously carrying out and closely combining two different revolutionary strategies in the two regions: socialist revolution in the North and people's national democratic revolution in the South, aiming to realize the immediate common goal of the whole country: liberating the South and peacefully reunifying the Fatherland.
Following the Party's wise line, the people of the North enthusiastically strived to build a socialist rear and achieved extremely important achievements. By 1965, the North had become a solid base for the revolution of the whole country, a rear with increasingly great economic and defense potential for the South. With the support of the North, with the tradition of"The Fatherland's Citadel"Our army and people in the South heroically fought to overcome the difficult years of the main political struggle period, moving towards the uprising and "Dong Khoi” (1959-1960) according to the 15th Resolution of the Party Central Committee, gaining control in rural and mountainous areas, moving the revolution from a position of preserving forces to an offensive position. Then, it defeated the “special war” strategy of the US imperialists (1961-1965), bringing the fight forward strongly, shaking the puppet army and puppet government to the root.
Since 1965, due to the US imperialists waging a local war in the South and attacking the North, the Party and Ho Chi Minh havelaunched the resistance war against the US to save the country on a nationwide scale and set out the guidelines for the resistance war in the new stage, the stage when the whole country was at war.. With the spirit of "Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom", the army and people of the North waged a people's war against the destructive war of the US air force and navy, firmly protecting the rear, while at the same time striving to produce and work to create a great potential to support the South with all their capabilities. The army and people of the South showed their steadfast will to win in the dry seasons of 1965-1966, 1966-1967 and especially the Tet Offensive and Uprising (1968) which caused the US's local war to fail, forcing them to sit at the negotiating table with us at the Paris conference. During the years 1969-1975, the army and people of the South continuously defeated the tricks of the US imperialists' "Vietnamization" war, "fought to make the US leave" and moved towards "fighting to make the puppets fall" with the peak beingHo Chi Minh Campaignspring 1975
The victory of our nation in the resistance war against the US, saving the country, with the peak being the historic Ho Chi Minh campaign, has extremely great significance for our country and for the world. Evaluating the historical victory of the cause of resisting the US, saving the country,Political reportThe Fourth National Congress of the Party clearly stated: "Years will pass, but the victory of our people in the cause of fighting against the US and saving the country will forever be recorded in the history of the nation as one of the most brilliant pages, a shining symbol of the complete victory of revolutionary heroism and human intelligence, and will go down in world history as a great feat of the 20th century, an event of great international importance and profound contemporary significance."(2).
The victory of our people after more than 30 years has brought the country into a new period, the period of the whole country's transition to socialism. In the context of having to overcome many difficulties due to the multifaceted consequences of the war, our Party and people had to face the war at both the southern and northern borders. During the years 1975-1986, the Party led the people of the whole country to move forward in the direction of socialism with great achievements in protecting the Fatherland and remarkable achievements in the economy. At the same time, during that time, with a strong political stance, the Party persistently sought to proposeinnovation path. Welcomed and implemented by the people, in the years 1986-1996, the renovation process achieved many great results, bringing the country out of the socio-economic crisis.
According toPlatform for national construction in the transitional period to socialismand implementing the guidelines of the 8th (1996), 9th (2001), and 10th (2006) Party Congresses, the cause of innovation, industrialization and modernization of the country has been promoted comprehensively and deeply.In general, by the end of 2009 and the beginning of 2010, the country's economic potential increased, our country has emerged from underdevelopment; the socialist-oriented market economy institution has been gradually formed; culture and society have achieved certain results, the material and spiritual life of the people has been improved, some aspects have reached the level of medium-developed countries; people's health care has been focused on and achieved many results; education and training, science and technology have had some positive changes; the living environment has been concerned and improved in some aspects; the effectiveness and efficiency of state management have been raised; the prevention and fight against corruption and waste have had initial results; national defense and security have been strengthened; foreign relations have been expanded, our country's position in the international arena has been enhanced, creating a favorable environment for national development...
Looking back at the Party's leadership and revolutionary struggles on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the Party's founding and when the whole country is looking forward to the 11th National Party Congress is meaningful in many ways. It not only helps us to fully and deeply understand the Party's long history of revolutionary struggles with many great and glorious victories, but also contributes to strengthening our belief in the Party's leadership and striving to successfully implement the Party's guidelines and policies in the current period of national construction and defense.
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(1)Ho Chi Minh Complete Works, volume 10, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2000, page 9.
(2)Communist Party of Vietnam: Political report of the Party Central Committee at the 4th National Congress of Delegates, Truth Publishing House, Hanoi, 1977, pp. 5 - 6.
•Assoc.Prof.Dr. Ngo Dang Tri
(Faculty of History - University of Social Sciences and Humanities)
Author:i333
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